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Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Surgical Treatment solved only in Aastha Health Care Hospital

What are ovarian cysts?

A female has two walnut-sized ovaries. These are located on either side of the uterus, nestled under the fringed ends of the fallopian tubes. These tubes create a pathway for a released egg to reach the center of the uterus. During the menstrual cycle, one ovary will develop and mature an egg. The egg is encased in a sac called a follicle. About day 14 of the menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs and the egg is released from the ovary.

Ovarian cysts are small fluid-filled sacs that develop on a woman's ovaries. In an ultrasound image, ovarian cysts resemble bubbles. The cyst contains only fluid and is surrounded by a very thin wall. This kind of cyst is also called a functional cyst, or simple cyst. If a follicle fails to rupture and release the egg, the fluid remains and can form a cyst in the ovary.

Ovarian cysts are common among women of childbearing age. They are considered functional (or physiologic)

. Most often, cysts in women of this age group are not cancerous and many disappear on their own in a matter of weeks without treatment. But some may cause problems such as bleeding and pain and need medical intervention. Women who are past menopause (ages 50-70) with ovarian cysts have a higher risk of ovarian cancer. At any age, if you think you have a cyst, it's important to tell your doctor.

What are the causes?

Ovarian cysts form for numerous reasons. The most common type is a follicular cyst, which results from the growth of a follicle. A follicle is the normal fluid-filled sac that contains an egg. Follicular cysts form when the follicle grows larger than normal during the menstrual cycle and does not open to release the egg. Usually, follicular cysts resolve on their own over the course of days to months. Cysts can contain blood (hemorrhagic or endometrioid cysts) from injury or leakage of tiny blood vessels into the egg sac. Occasionally, the tissues of the ovary develop abnormally to form other body tissues such as hair or teeth. Cysts with these abnormal tissues are called dermoid cysts.

The following are possible risk factors for developing ovarian cysts :

* History of previous ovarian cysts

* Irregular menstrual cycles

* Hypothyroidism or hormonal imbalance

* Tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer

* Ovarian cancer and cancer that has spread to outside the ovary

What are the symptoms?

Many women have ovarian cysts without having any symptoms. But some may complain of:

* Pressure, fullness, or pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic region

* Dull ache in the lower back and thighs

* Problems passing urine completely

* Pain during sexual intercourse

* Weight gain

* Painful menstrual periods and abnormal bleeding

* Nausea or vomiting

* Breast tenderness

* Weakness, dizziness, or faintness, especially from standing

* Persistent fever

How Ovarian Cysts are diagnosed?

Pelvic Exam- Since ovarian cysts may not cause symptoms, they are usually found during a routine pelvic exam. During this exam, your doctor is able to feel the swelling of the cyst on your ovary. If a cyst is suspected, an ultrasound is usually the next step.

Pelvic Ultrasound- Once a cyst is found, the doctor may perform an endovaginal ultrasound which is a painless procedure resembling a pelvic exam. A thin, covered wand or probe is placed into the vagina, and the examiner directs the probe toward the uterus and ovaries. This type of ultrasound produces a better image than a scan through the abdominal wall can because the probe can be positioned closer to the ovaries. With an ultrasound, the doctor can see how the cyst is shaped; its size and location; and whether it's fluid-filled, solid, or mixed.

Diagnostic Laparoscopy- Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure performed when your doctor wants to see the cyst. A thin, lighted telescope, called a laparoscope, is inserted through a small incision into the abdomen. Laparoscopy may be used for treatment as well as diagnosis.

Other imaging- CT scan aids in assessing the extent of the condition. Though it is considered to be inferior to ultrasonography and MRI in defining ovarian cysts and pelvic masses. MRI is used to clarify results of an ultrasound.

Other tests- A pregnancy test is also done. Hormone levels (such as LH, FSH, estradiol, and testosterone) may also be checked. To find out if the cyst might be cancerous, your doctor may do a blood test to measure a substance in the blood called CA-125. The amount of this protein is higher if a woman has ovarian cancer. However, some ovarian cancers do not make enough CA-125 to be detected by the test. There are also non-cancerous diseases that increase the levels of CA-125, like uterine fibroids and endometriosis. These non-cancerous causes of increased CA-125 are more common in women under 35, while ovarian cancer is very uncommon in this age group. For this reason, the CA-125 test is recommended mostly for women over age 35, who are at high risk for the disease and have a cyst that is partially solid.

What are the treatment options?

Functional ovarian cysts are the most common type of ovarian cyst. They usually disappear by themselves and seldom require treatment. But some cysts may require medical or surgical intervention. So after the surgeon evaluates the complete case history, he decides on the appropriate line of action. Here are the three basic mode of action:

Watchful Waiting

If you have no symptoms and ultrasound shows a small, fluid-filled cyst, your doctor may simply schedule another pelvic exam and ultrasound in six weeks. The patient waits and gets re-examined in one to three months to see if the cyst has changed in size. It also might be an option for postmenopausal women.

The concept behind watchful waiting is to not actively treat the cyst until does not go away as your hormones change. An unchanging or growing cystic ovary needs further investigation.

Medications

Oral contraceptives: If you have a functional cyst that is larger in size and causing some symptoms, birth control pills may be prescribed. The purpose of birth control pills is to alter your hormone levels so the cyst will shrink. Birth control pills will reduce the probability of other cysts growing.

Pain relievers: Anti-inflammatories may help reduce pelvic pain. Narcotic pain medications by prescription may relieve severe pain caused by ovarian cysts.

Benefits and drawbacks

One advantage of laparoscopic cystectomy is that the incisions are smaller (1/2 inch) and much less uncomfortable than that of Laparotomy. So people are able to resume normal activity in about 2 weeks. So Laparoscopic cystectomy has many advantages like:

* Less postoperative pain

* May shorten hospital stay

* May result in a quicker return to bowel function

* Quicker return to normal activity

* Better cosmetic results

However, the surgeon must be experienced in the procedure before these benefits can be seen or else complications may occur. Disadvantages include a possible longer operating time (depends on how much of the operation is performed laparoscopically), higher costs and an increased risk of damage to the urinary tract.  

For more information on Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Surgical Treatment
, kindly visit :

http://www.aasthahealthcare.com/Laparoscopic-Ovarian-Cystectomy-Treatment.htm

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About the Author

Certified super specialty surgery hospital center in Mumbai that specializes in Weight Loss Treatment, Obesity Treatment, Laparoscopy Surgery Treatment, Bariatric Surgery Treatment, Fertility Center India, Urosurgery Treatment, Endourology Treatment, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Treatment, Minimally Invasive Procedure for Haemorrhoid with special treatment to Indian as well as Foreign patients.

Health Care Directive Guide

Developing a health care directive is something lots of people either don’t consider or simply avoid.  Just as it’s difficult to face the necessity of creating a will, it’s also difficult to face the need for creating a health care directive.  As hard as it might be, it’s absolutely critical to put into writing your health care wishes because you can very quickly become ill, incapacitated, or otherwise unable to make medical decisions entirely on your own.  In these situations, having a valid health care directive set up will make sure your wishes are honored and help your loved ones with the process of making care decisions if necessary.

Why do you need a health care directive?

Everyone ought to have a health care directive to ensure their family, friends, and health care providers are well informed about your preferences and wishes for a variety of health care decisions.  Topics covered generally include those associated with medical treatments, medical tests, end of life care, organ donation, and the like.  These are hard topics to talk about, especially if you are still in good condition, but it is far better to have these conversations and place your wishes into writing before you and your family actually face what can be very emotional and stressful decisions.

For the vast majority of people, health and wellness decline gradually over a period of time which means they and their family face a number of decisions in the process.  If you aren't able to make those decisions yourself, how can your loved ones know what to do for you?  With a health care directive set up your wishes will be known and respected throughout whatever medical situation arises.

What should your health care directive include?

This requirements for preparation and validation of a health care directive differ from state to state, so be sure to check the laws within your state.  However, there are some common areas that each and every health care directive should address:

• Who is going to carry out your health care choices?  Select somebody you trust who'll be designated as the person in charge of ensuring your wishes are followed.  This could possibly be your spouse,an adult child, a close friend, or some other person whom you trust.  Be sure to discuss your wishes with this person in advance and obtain their consent to act in this role.

• What medical treatments do you want/not want?  There is a huge range of treatments that fall into this category, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), use of a ventilator, use of a feeding tube, surgical procedures, medications, and the like.  Some people prefer to receive aggressive care while others prefer to receive more general care that's focused much more about maintaining quality of life during illness and end of life situations.

• What kind of pain management and palliative care do you want?  As your health deteriorates, you and your family will face choices regarding how best to manage any pain you might be having and generally help you stay as comfortable as is possible as long as possible.

Within each of these categories there are various variations and details to think about, which are too numerous to list here.  It is very important to find the specific language and forms used in your particular state.

Where to get help with your health care directive

Preparing a valid health care directive is something that you can do on your own if you like because in this modern internet world it’s relatively simple to obtain your state’s forms and directions for filling them out.  The actual process of filling them out, though, is something you ought to strongly consider doing with plenty of discussion together with the person designated to execute your wishes and your loved ones.  It’s also a wise decision to talk to your doctor about this process and consider his or her experience in working with families in making health care decisions

There are also lots of resources available to get assistance with your health care directive, including:

• Your lawyer

• Your doctor

• Local senior services

• American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)

• Your local hospital or medical facility

It’s worth noting that some companies advertise across the nation promoting their services to help with health care directives, but they generally don’t possess the expertise you need to fully understand the details of your state’s laws.  Many of them simply charge you a fee to refer you to a local service provider when you could just as easily find that local provider all on your own.  The best approach is usually to thoroughly check out potential providers before making a final decision about which one to use.

These are interesting points we wrote in our article, but it isn't the only place to find this subject.  We have found other places like this one about health that you may find useful too.  If you liked the post please share it with your pals on Twitter.

What kinds of tubing expands in diameter?

For example: surgical tubing expands in the direction of the LENGTH of the tube. However, I need a kind of air-tight tubing that will expand outwardly when it is pressurized by an air pump. Thanks!

The thinner the wall of the tubing the more it will expand outwardly.

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